• Types of Languages
• Evolution of ‘C’ Language
• Structure of a ‘C’ Program
• ‘C’ Program development life cycle
• Executing and Debugging a ‘C’ Program

• Keywords and Identifiers
• Operators
• Constants
• Variables
• Data Types
• Precedence of Operators
• Scope and Lifetime of Variables

• Decision Making using if statement
• Types of if …else block
• Switch case Block
• Arithmetic Expressions
• Evaluation of Expressions
• GOTO statement

• Concept of Loop
• For loop
• While loop
• Do while loop Jumping in Loop
• break and continue statement

• Introduction of Array
• One – D Array
• Two – D Array
• Multidimensional Array
• Dynamic Arrays
• Implementing String Variables
• String handling Functions

• Concept of Function
• User defined Function
• System Defined Function
• Types of parameter passing in function

• Need of Pointers
• Types of Pointers
• Pointer Expression
• Arrays of Pointers
• Pointers and Functions

• Need of Structure
• Implementing Structure Variable
• Arrays of Structure
• Structure within Structure Introduction of Unions
• Difference between Structure and Unions

• Opening and Closing File
• Input / Output operations on File
• Random Access to Files
• Command Line Arguments

• Concept of Dynamic Allocation
• Implementing Malloc and Calloc Functions
• Releasing the free space

• Introduction of Storage Class
• Types of Storage Classes
• Introduction of Pre-processor
• Macro Substitution
• File Inclusion

• Concept of OOP
• Features of OOP
• Introduction of ‘C++’
• Structure of ‘C++’ program
• Executing and Debugging a ‘C++’ Program

• Keywords and Identifiers
• Operators
• Constants
• Variables
• Data Types
• Precedence of Operators
• Scope and Lifetime of Variables

• Classes & Object Specifier
• Defining data members and member functions
• Array of objects
• Managing console I/O
• ‘C++’ stream classes
• Formatted and unformatted console I/O
• Usage of manipulators

Function in ‘C++’:
• Call by reference, Return by reference
• Function overloading and default arguments
• Inline function
• Static class members

• Concept of Constructor
• Types of Constructors
• Memory allocation (new and delete)
• Usage of destructor

• Overloading Unary and Binary operators
• Overloading using friend function

• Types of inheritance
• Virtual base classes and abstract base classes
• Constructor and destructor in derived class

• File operations
• File pointer and their manipulation
• File updation with random access

• Various Exception Handling classes
• Implementing try and catch block
• Use of throw keyword